Different techniques, such as latex agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and lateral flow assays, can be used to detect the cryptococcal antigen. India ink for CSF is used to detect the presence of encapsulated yeast in CSF particularly Cryptococcus neoformans. Cryptococcemia can be easily detected by automated systems and seldom results in shock or signs and symptoms of sepsis. Detection of cryptococcal antigen by immunodiagnostic tests of the serum and the CSF provides a definitive diagnosis of the infection. Other microbiological tests to identify Cryptococcus are India-ink preparations and Grocotts methenamine silver stain (GMS). The culture of the infected fluid yields cream-colored colonies in about 3-7 days, while staining with India Ink permits rapid identification of the Cryptococcus in direct CSF smears. <45 mg/dL >50 HIV-positive patient Antigen test better than India ink staining.Cryptococcus was detected by India ink and crypto- coccal antigen in all the 7. Analysis of the fluid usually reveals a low white blood cell count, low glucose, and elevated protein, but could also be normal in approximately 25-30% of the cases. India ink staining or a positive culture for the organ- ism or a positive. CSF analysis, culture, staining, and immunodiagnostic tests of CSF are the primary diagnostic tests that are performed to diagnose meningitis caused by Cryptococcus. This photomicrograph depicts Cryptococcus neoformans using a light India ink capsule staining preparation. Patients who present with symptoms of central nervous system dysfunction are evaluated with radiographic imaging of the brain to rule out the presence of elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
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